This is a type of cadastral map. The Public Land Survey system or PLSS is a method used in the United States to survey and title and deed certain types of land. The system begins with the initial point. This is the intersection of the base line(east-west) and the principle meridian(north-south). From that the basic unit of measure is the townships, these are east-west lines moving out from the base line at six mile intervals. The same is done from the principle meridian(north-south) at six mile intervals and these are called ranges. The squares formed by their intersections are known as a congressional township. These townships each have a grid number based on the initial point. Each congressional township can also subdivided into 36 one-mile square parcels called sections. I've picked a PLSS map of Flathead county Montana. The map shows the county divided into congressional townships. This map is also a GIS and you can select a township and click it to pull that section of map up divided into sections.
Most people think of land surveys in the most basic sense, the drawing of the boundaries of a property, in actuality there are many varied and different ways of surveying that service many different industries. Property surveys are a large part of the business, but there are also surveys and surveyors that service the construction industry, the environmental sector, and many others. Surveys are crucial tools from inception and planning, to actual construction and maintenance afterwards. Most construction surveys fall under the discipline of civil engineering, which may require additional degrees and certifications in order to conduct.
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